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石黒 一雄(이시구로 가즈오), Kazuo Ishiguro 가즈오 이시구로

VIS VITALIS 2017. 10. 6. 12:19

Kazuo Ishiguro

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kazuo Ishiguro
カズオ・イシグロ
石黒 一雄
OBE FRSA FRSL
Kazuo Ishiguro by Kubik.JPG
Born8 November 1954 (age 62)
Nagasaki, Japan
Occupation
Education
Period1981–present
Genre
Notable works
Notable awards
SpouseLorna MacDougall (m. 1986)
Children1

Kazuo Ishiguro OBE FRSA FRSL (Japanese: カズオ・イシグロ or 石黒 一雄; born 8 November 1954) is a British novelist, screenwriter, and short story writer. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan; his family moved to England in 1960 when he was five. Ishiguro graduated from the University of Kent with a bachelor's degree in English and Philosophy in 1978 and gained his Master's from the University of East Anglia's creative writing course in 1980.

Ishiguro is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction authors in the English-speaking world, having received four Man Booker Prize nominations, and winning the 1989 award for his novel The Remains of the Day. His 2005 novel, Never Let Me Go, was named by Time magazine as the best novel of 2005 and included in its list of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005. His seventh novel, The Buried Giant, was published in 2015.

In 2008, The Times ranked Ishiguro 32nd on their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[1] In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Ishiguro "who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world."[2]

Early life and career[edit]

Ishiguro was born in Nagasaki on 8 November 1954, the son of Shizuo Ishiguro, a physical oceanographer, and his wife Shizuko.[3] In 1960 his family, including his two sisters, moved to Guildford, Surrey, so that his father could begin research at the National Institute of Oceanography.[3][4] He attended Stoughton Primary School and then Woking County Grammar School in Surrey.[3] After finishing school, he took a gap year and travelled through the United States and Canada, while writing a journal and sending demo tapes to record companies.[3]

In 1974, he began studies at the University of Kent at Canterbury, graduating in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts (honours) in English and Philosophy.[3] After spending a year writing fiction, he resumed his studies at the University of East Anglia where he studied with Malcolm Bradbury and Angela Carter, and gained a Master of Arts in Creative Writing in 1980.[3][4] His thesis became his first novel, A Pale View of Hills, published in 1982.[5] He became a British citizen in 1982.[6]

In 2017, Ishiguro was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, because "in novels of great emotional force, [he] has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world".[2] In response to receiving the award, Ishiguro stated:

It's a magnificent honour, mainly because it means that I'm in the footsteps of the greatest authors that have lived, so that's a terrific commendation. The world is in a very uncertain moment and I would hope all the Nobel Prizes would be a force for something positive in the world as it is at the moment. I'll be deeply moved if I could in some way be part of some sort of climate this year in contributing to some sort of positive atmosphere at a very uncertain time.[5]

Literary characteristics[edit]

Ishiguro with the cast of the Never Let Me Go film in 2010

A number of his novels are set in the past. Never Let Me Go, has science fiction qualities and a futuristic tone; however, it is set in the 1980s and 1990s, and thus takes place in a very similar parallel world. His fourth novel, The Unconsoled, takes place in an unnamed Central European city. The Remains of the Day is set in the large country house of an English lord in the period surrounding World War II.[citation needed]

An Artist of the Floating World is set in an unnamed Japanese city during the period of reconstruction following Japan's surrender in 1945. The narrator is forced to come to terms with his part in World War II. He finds himself blamed by the new generation who accuse him of being part of Japan's misguided foreign policy and is forced to confront the ideals of the modern times as represented by his grandson. Ishiguro said of his choice of time period, "I tend to be attracted to pre-war and postwar settings because I’m interested in this business of values and ideals being tested, and people having to face up to the notion that their ideals weren’t quite what they thought they were before the test came." [7]

His novels (with the exception of The Buried Giant) are written in the first-person narrative style and the narrators often exhibit human failings. Ishiguro's technique is to allow these characters to reveal their flaws implicitly during the narrative. The author thus creates a sense of pathos by allowing the reader to see the narrator's flaws while being drawn to sympathise with the narrator as well. This pathos is often derived from the narrator's actions, or, more often, inaction. In The Remains of the Day, the butler Stevens fails to act on his romantic feelings towards housekeeper Miss Kenton because he cannot reconcile his sense of service with his personal life.[citation needed]

Ishiguro's novels often end without any sense of resolution. The issues his characters confront are buried in the past and remain unresolved. Thus Ishiguro ends many of his novels on a note of melancholic resignation. His characters accept their past and who they have become, typically discovering that this realisation brings comfort and an ending to mental anguish. This can be seen as a literary reflection on the Japanese idea of mono no aware. Ishiguro counts Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Marcel Proust amongst his influences. His works have also been compared to Salman Rushdie, Jane Austen, and Henry James, though Ishiguro himself rejects these comparisons.[8]

Ishiguro and Japan[edit]

Ishiguro was born in Japan and has a Japanese name (the characters in the surname Ishiguro mean 'stone' and 'black' respectively). He set his first two novels in Japan; however, in several interviews he has had to clarify to the reading audience that he has little familiarity with Japanese writing and that his works bear little resemblance to Japanese fiction. In a 1990 interview, he said, "If I wrote under a pseudonym and got somebody else to pose for my jacket photographs, I'm sure nobody would think of saying, 'This guy reminds me of that Japanese writer.'"[9] Although some Japanese writers have had a distant influence on his writing—Jun'ichirō Tanizaki is the one he most frequently cites—Ishiguro has said that Japanese films, especially those of Yasujirō Ozu and Mikio Naruse, have been a more significant influence.[10]

Ishiguro left Japan in 1960 at the age of 5 and did not return to visit until 1989, nearly 30 years later, as a participant in the Japan Foundation Short-Term Visitors Program. In an interview with Kenzaburō Ōe, Ishiguro acknowledged that the Japanese settings of his first two novels were imaginary: "I grew up with a very strong image in my head of this other country, a very important other country to which I had a strong emotional tie ... In England I was all the time building up this picture in my head, an imaginary Japan."[11]

In an interview in 1989, when discussing his Japanese heritage and its influence on his upbringing, the author has stated, "I'm not entirely like English people because I've been brought up by Japanese parents in a Japanese-speaking home. My parents didn't realize that we were going to stay in this country for so long, they felt responsible for keeping me in touch with Japanese values. I do have a distinct background. I think differently, my perspectives are slightly different."[12] When asked to what extent he identifies as either Japanese or English the author insists,

People are not two-thirds one thing and the remainder something else. Temperament, personality, or outlook don't divide quite like that. The bits don't separate clearly. You end up a funny homogeneous mixture. This is something that will become more common in the latter part of the century—people with mixed cultural backgrounds, and mixed racial backgrounds. That's the way the world is going.[12]

In an interview after the announcement of the Nobel Prize, he said "I've always said throughout my career that although I've grown up in this country and I'm educated in this country, that a large part of my way of looking at the world, my artistic approach, is Japanese, because I was brought up by Japanese parents, speaking in Japanese" and "I have always looked at the world through my parents’ eyes,”[13][14]

Other work[edit]

Ishiguro has co-written several songs for the jazz singer Stacey Kent, with saxophonist Jim Tomlinson, Kent's husband. Ishiguro has contributed lyrics to Kent's 2007 Grammy-nominated album Breakfast on the Morning Tram,[15] including its title track, her 2011 album, Dreamer in Concert, her 2013 album The Changing Lights,[16] and her 2017 album, I Know I Dream. Ishiguro also wrote the liner notes to Kent's 2003 album, In Love Again.[17] Ishiguro first met Kent after he chose her recording of "They Can't Take That Away from Me" as one of his Desert Island Discs in 2002 and Kent subsequently asked him to write for her. Ishiguro has said of his lyric writing that "with an intimate, confiding, first-person song, the meaning must not be self-sufficient on the page. It has to be oblique, sometimes you have to read between the lines" and that this realization has had an "enormous influence" on his fiction writing.[18]

Personal life[edit]

Ishiguro has been married to Lorna MacDougall, a social worker, since 1986.[19] They met at the West London Cyrenians homelessness charity in Notting Hill, where Ishiguro was working as a residential resettlement worker.[20] They live in London with their daughter Naomi.[citation needed]

Ishiguro wrote an opinion piece decrying the rise of hate crimes in Britain as a result of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.[21]

Awards[edit]

Except for A Pale View of Hills and The Buried Giant, all of Ishiguro's novels and his short story collection have been shortlisted for major awards.[22] Most significantly, An Artist of the Floating World, When We Were Orphans, and Never Let Me Go, were all short-listed for the Booker Prize. A leaked account of a judging committee's meeting revealed that the committee found itself deciding between Never Let Me Go and John Banville's The Sea before awarding the prize to the latter.[26][27]

Works[edit]

Novels[edit]

Screenplays[edit]

Short fiction[edit]

  • "A Strange and Sometimes Sadness", "Waiting for J" and "Getting Poisoned" (in Introduction 7: Stories by New Writers, 1981)[28]
  • "A Family Supper" (in Firebird 2: Writing Today, 1983)[28]
  • "The Summer After the War" (in Granta 7, 1983)[28]
  • "October 1948" (in Granta 17, 1985)[28]
  • "A Village After Dark" (in The New Yorker, 2001)[28]
  • "Crooner", "Come Rain or Come Shine", "Malvern Hills", "Nocturne" and "Cellists" (in Nocturnes: Five Stories of Music and Nightfall, 2009)[28]

Lyrics[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". The Times. London. 5 January 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017 - Press Release". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Barry Lewis (2000). Kazuo Ishiguro. Manchester University Press.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b The United Kingdom's international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities. "Kazuo Ishiguro". Biography. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  5. ^ Jump up to:a b "Kazuo Ishiguro: Nobel Literature Prize is 'a magnificent honour'". BBC News. October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5,2017.
  6. Jump up^ Author's bio Granta 43 (1993). p 91
  7. Jump up^ Swift, Graham. "Kazuo Ishiguro", "BOMB Magazine" Fall, 1989. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
  8. Jump up^ "Kazuo Ishiguro". The Guardian. July 22, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
  9. Jump up^ Vorda, Allan; Herzinger, Kim (1994). "Stuck on the Margins: An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro". Face to Face: Interviews with Contemporary Novelists. Rice University Press. p. 25. ISBN 0-8926-3323-9.
  10. Jump up^ Mason, Gregory (1989). "An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro". Contemporary Literature. 30 (3): 336.
  11. Jump up^ Oe, Kenzaburo (1991). "The Novelist in Today's World: A Conversation". boundary 2. 18 (3): 110.
  12. ^ Jump up to:a b Swift, Graham (1989). "Kazuo Ishiguro". BOMB Magazine. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  13. Jump up^ "Mixing Kafka with Jane Austen: Ishiguro wins literature Nobel". Reuters. October 5, 2017.
  14. Jump up^ "Nobel winner Kazuo Ishiguro: Award brings people together on international level". Evening Times. October 5, 2017.
  15. ^ Jump up to:a b , Breakfast on the Morning Tram at AllMusic
  16. ^ Jump up to:a b The Changing Lights at AllMusic
  17. Jump up^ "Why 'Breakfast on the Morning Tram'?". Press release. staceykent.com. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  18. Jump up^ Kate Kellaway (March 15, 2015). "Kazuo Ishiguro: I used to see myself as a musician. But really, I'm one of those people with corduroy jackets and elbow patches". The Guardian. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  19. Jump up^https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/feb/19/fiction.kazuoishiguro
  20. Jump up^ Wroe, Nicholas (19 February 2005). "Living Memories". The Times. London. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  21. Jump up^ Ishiguro, Kazuo (July 1, 2016). "Kazuo Ishiguro on his fears for Britain after Brexit". Financial Times. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  22. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f British Council. "Kazuo Ishiguro". British Council. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  23. Jump up^ "Granta 7: Best of Young British Novelists". Retrieved 2008-05-06.
  24. Jump up^ "Granta 43: Best of Young British Novelists 2". Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
  25. ^ Jump up to:a b Time magazine's greatest English novels. 5 January 2008. The Times. Retrieved on 2010-02-19.
  26. Jump up^ Rick Gekoski (12 October 2005). "At last, the best Booker book won". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  27. Jump up^ Rick Gekoski (16 October 2005). "It's the critics at Sea". The Age. Retrieved 28 June 2010. In the end, it came down to a debate between The Sea and Never Let Me Go.
  28. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Biobibliographical notes" (PDF). nobelprize.org/. Svenska Akademien. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  29. Jump up^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/11140821/Kazuo-Ishiguro-My-wife-thought-first-draft-of-The-Buried-Giant-was-rubbish.html
  30. Jump up^ Wroe, Nicholas (2005-02-19). "Profile: Kazuo Ishiguro". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2008-03-18.

External links[edit]

Interviews[edit]

Profiles[edit]



노벨문학상 이시구로의 예술적 양분, 과학 그리고 음악



원문보기: 
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5세때 이민 일본계 영국인…도스토옙스키 영향
‘남아 있는 나날’ ‘나를 보내지 마’ 등 대표작
대부분 1인칭 시점 자신의 얘기 들려주는 형식
고은, 수상 확률 4위였으나 올해도 비껴가
가즈오 이시구로
가즈오 이시구로
올해 노벨문학상 수상자인 가즈오 이시구로는 1954년생, 일본계 영국 작가다. 국내에도 <남아 있는 나날> <나를 보내지 마> <우리가 고아였을 때> 같은 그의 대표작들이 번역 출간되어 있지만, 상대적으로 ‘젊은’ 나이 때문인지 노벨문학상의 유력 후보로 거론되지는 않았다.

대부분 1인칭 주인공 시점으로 서술되는 이시구로의 소설은 절제된 표현으로 화자 자신의 이야기를 들려주는 형식을 취하는데, 그 이야기가 진행되면서 자신의 과오가 은연중에 드러나도록 하는 것이 일반적이다. 그런 주인공의 모습을 보면서 독자는 연민을 느끼는 한편 그의 처지에 공감하게 되기도 한다. 이시구로는 도스토옙스키와 마르셀 프루스트의 영향을 받은 것으로 알려졌으며, 일본 문학에 대해서는 별다른 친연성을 느끼지 않는다고 밝히기도 했다.

이시구로는 1954년 일본 나가사키에서 태어나 1960년 가족과 함께 영국으로 이주했다. 그는 켄트대학에서 영문학과 철학을 전공했고 이스트 앵글리아 대학에서 문예창작 석사학위를 받았다. 1982년 첫 장편 <창백한 언덕 풍경>을 펴내면서 전업 작가의 길로 들어선 그는 첫 소설과 두번째 소설 <부유하는 세상의 예술가>(1986)에서 2차대전이 끝난 지 몇해 뒤의 일본을 배경으로 삼아 전쟁과 그 결과를 둘러싼 신구 세대의 갈등과 윤리의식을 다루었다.

이시구로는 불과 다섯살 나이에 일본을 떠났고 그로부터 거의 30년 뒤인 1989년에야 다시 일본을 방문했기 때문에 이 작품들에서 그려진 일본의 모습은 거의 전적으로 상상에 힘입은 것이었다. 일본의 노벨문학상 수상 작가 오에 겐자부로와 인터뷰에서 이시구로는 이와 관련해 “저는 제가 매우 강한 감정적 끈을 지닌 이 다른 나라(=일본)에 관해 매우 강한 이미지를 머릿속에 지니고 있었고 (…) 영국에서도 이렇게 상상한 일본에 관한 그림을 항상 그리고 있었습니다”라고 말한 바 있다.

영국 귀족의 장원을 자신의 세상 전부로 여기고 살아온 한 남자의 인생과 가치관의 대혼란이 나타난 1930년대 영국의 격동기를 묘사한 소설 <남아 있는 나날>(1989)은 그에게 맨부커상을 안겨주었으며 앤서니 홉킨스와 에마 톰슨 주연 영화로 제작되기도 했다.

2005년작인 <나를 보내지 마>에서 이시구로는 에스에프 형식을 시도했다. 이 소설은 1990년대 후반 영국을 배경으로 삼았지만, 인간의 장기 이식을 목적으로 복제된 클론(복제인간)들의 사랑과 성, 슬픈 운명을 그려 주목받았으며 <타임>이 선정한 ‘100대 영문 소설’에 들기도 했다. 이 소설 제목 ‘네버 렛 미 고’(Never Let Me Go)는 팝송 제목으로, 이 노래가 수록된 카세트테이프는 소설에서 인간과 클론을 구분하게 해주는 장치이자 세 주인공의 우정과 미묘한 사랑을 전달하는 모티브이기도 하다. 이 소설과 함께 유명 피아니스트를 주인공 삼은 <위로받지 못한 사람들>(1995)에서도 음악의 영향을 확인할 수 있지만, 연작 단편집 <녹턴>(2009)은 본격적으로 음악을 매개로 인간 삶의 본질을 들여다본 작품이기도 하다. 그는 또 소설 말고도 영화와 텔레비전 각본을 썼으며 특히 재즈 가수 스테이시 켄트의 노래 가사를 쓰기도 했는데, 가사 쓰기가 자신의 소설 창작에 “커다란 영향”을 끼친다고 밝히기도 했다.
관련기사

국내에는 이 작품들과 함께 <우리가 고아였을 때>(2000) <파묻힌 거인>(2015) 등 그의 대표작 대부분이 번역 출간되어 있다.

2015년 논픽션 작가 스베틀라나 알렉시예비치에 이어 지난해 팝 가수 밥 딜런에게 노벨문학상을 수여해 크고 작은 논란을 낳았던 스웨덴 한림원이 올해 가즈오 이시구로를 수상자로 선택한 것은 ‘전통적인 의미의 문학’으로의 복귀로 평가받고 있다. 한편 영국 도박 사이트 래드브로크스의 베팅에서 응구기 와 티옹오, 무라카미 하루키, 마거릿 애트우드에 이어 수상 확률 4위에까지 올랐던 고은 시인은 올해도 수상에 실패했다.

최재봉 선임기자 bong@hani.co.kr


원문보기: 
http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/813501.html?_fr=mt2#csidx96b6ba4c074040190829e6a91388a37 


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