ābha

ābha

가하는 아빠를 아~브하

라는 식으로 발음한다. 귀와 간이 살살 녹아들어가는 사내 목소리로.

나는 그냥 가하가 프랑스식으로 아빠를 발음한다고 말하지만 그 묘한 것은 필설로 형용불가이다.

아~브하ābha는 빛 또는 광명이라는 뜻이다.

http://blog.naver.com/satobom/220747088921

펌(아래)   http://blog.naver.com/ahkim222/220764039171 

Sanskrit 단어풀이

 

약호(abbreviations)

 

ⓐ: adjective - 형용사, 또는 남․여․중성 공용 / ⓜ: masculine gender - 남성 / ⓕ: feminine gender - 여성 / ⓝ: neuter gender - 중성 / ⓘ: indeclinable - 불변화사 / √: root - 어근(語根) / ⓒ: compound - 복합어 / p.p.p.: past passive participle(과거수동분사) / ⓟ: Pāli어

 

1. 불보(佛寶) 및 관련 용어

 

* buddhaⓐ> √budh + ta(과거수동분사[p.p.p.]): to wake, notice

bodhiⓜⓕ: 보리(菩提)

bodhisattvaⓜ: 보살> bodhi + sattva[satⓐ有{> √as의 현재분사}+ tva{추상명사화 어미}

bauddhaⓐ: 佛敎徒, buddhiⓕ認知)

 

* samyaksambuddha: 正等覺者> samyakⓒ> samyañcⓐ(> samiⓒ[=samⓘ: together] + √añc[going towards])

samⓘ(= sama: equal): together, completely): right, going together

sambuddha: 正覺者

 

* bhagavatⓐ행운을 가진, ⓜ세존>bhaga(ⓐ행복한, 존경하는> √bhaj[love]) + vat(～을 가진)

bhaktiⓕ헌신, 信愛

 

* tathāgataⓐ여래>tathāⓘ(so, thus) + āgata(또는 gata> √gam[가다] + ta[p.p.p.])

yathā: 마치 ～와 같이, 예를 들면 ～와 같다.

gatiⓕ> √gam + ti(명사화 어미): 趣

 

* sugataⓐ善逝> suⓘ(good) + gata(> √gam + ta)

sukha> su + khaⓝ[구멍> √khan: 파내다]: having a good axle-hole, 樂 ↔ duḥkha> dusⓘ[나쁘게] + kha: 苦

 

* arhatⓐ아라한, 應供> √arh(～할 만한) + at(현재분사)

 

* jinaⓐ승리자> √ji(정복하다) + na(p.p.p.)

 

* sarvajñaⓐ一切知者> sarvaⓐ(모든 것, 전체> sāraⓜⓝ강력한) + jñaⓐ(> √jñā: 알다)

jñānaⓝ앎, 知> jñā + ana

prajñā> praⓘ[before, forth, away] + jñāⓕ

prakṛtiⓕ原質> pra + √kṛ(do, make) + ti(명사화 어미)

pradhānaⓝ핵심> pra + dhānaⓝ[seat, 저장소> to put, to place])

dhātuⓜstratum, element of words> √dhā + tu[명사, 부정사를 만드는 어미]

 

* mahāvīraⓜ大雄> mahāⓒ(> mahatⓐ큰[> √mah: 증폭하다> √maṃh: 증가하다]) + vīraⓜ영웅(> √vīr: 정복하다)

mahāprajñāpāramitāⓕ마하반야바라밀다> mahā + prajñā + pāramitāⓕ(> pāram[> pāraⓐ피안{> √pṛ: 능가하다}] + itāⓕ[> ita> √i{가다} + ta{p.p.p.}])

vīryapāramitāⓕ정진바라밀> vīrya(씩씩함, 활력> √vīr + ya[명사, 형용사화 어미]) + pāram + itā

 

* gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate> gati / pāra + gati / parā + sam + gati

가신 분이시여, 가신 분이시여, 피안으로 가신 분이시여, 피안으로 완전히 가신 분이시여

 

* mahāsattvaⓜ마하살> mahā + sattva

śākyamuni = śākya(śaka[ⓜ흰 피부의 종족]족에서 유래한) + muni(열정에 찬 사람, 성자> √man: 생각하다)

gautama = gau(= goⓜ소) + tama(최상급)

siddhārtha = siddha(성취> √sidh[성취한다] + ta) + artha(목적)

 

vairocana> virocana(밝음)> vi(분리, away) + √ruc[빛나다] + ana(작용)): 태양에서 유래한

amitāyus> a(부정) + mita(> √mā[to measure] + ta[p.p.p.]) + āyus(> āyu: 수명> ā[towards, near] + √i + u[행위자의 명사, 형용사화]) + ḥ, r, ṣ(주격) / āyusⓝ: 수명, 장수 / āyusmat: 구수

 

amitābha> amitābhā> a + mita + ābhāⓕ(찬란한 빛> ā + √bhā[빛나다])

 

dharma kāya

dharma> √dhṛ(hold, maintain) + ma(형용사, 명사화 어미): 法

kāyaⓜ(나무줄기, 집합, 몸)> √ci(쌓다, 구축하다)

 

sambhoga kāya

sambhoga(complete enjoyment, pleasure)> sam + bhoga(eating, enjoyment> √bhuj: 즐기다)

 

nirmāṇa kāya

nirmāṇa> nir√mā(to build, measure, create) + ana(작용)

 

vajrasattva: 금강살타

 

2. 법보(法寶) 및 관련 용어

 

sūtra> sūtra(ⓝ실> √siv: 꿰메다 + tra[도구, 수단을 나타내는 어미])

vinaya> vi√nī(remove, educate, perform) + a

abhidharma> abhiⓘ(towards, over[～에 대한, 뛰어난]) + dharma

 

āgama(아함)> ā√gam + a

 

vajracchedikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra(금강반야바라밀경)> √vaj(강한?) + ra(비교 등의 형용사, 명사화 어미) + chedikā(> cheda[> √chid: to cut off] + ikā[형용사화 어미]) + prajñā + pāramitā + sūtra(ⓝ실> √siv: 꿰메다 + tra[도구, 수단을 나타내는 어미])

 

avataṃsaka-sūtra(화엄경)> avataṃsaka(화환, 장식)> avaⓘ(off, away, down) + taṃsa(> √taṃs: to decorate oneself) + ka

gandha-vyūha-sūtra> gandhaⓜ(향기)-vyūhaⓜ(orderly arrangement> vy√ūh[to arrange] + a[명사, 형용사화 어미])

 

ātman> √āt(to move constantly) + √vā(to blow) + √an(to breath, move, live)

anātman> an + ātman

 

daśabhūmikā-sūtra> daśa + bhūmiⓕ(earth, stage√bhū: become, stay) + ikā

 

saddharma-puṇḍarīka-sūtra> sat + dharma + puṇḍarīka(흰 연꽃)

 

mahāparinirvāṇa-stūra> mahā + pari + nirvāṇa(> nir[out, forth away] + √vā[불다] + ana)

vāyuⓜ바람> √vā + u(행위자의 명사, 형용사)

 

amitābha vyūha> a+ mita(> √mā[to measure] + ta) + ābha + vyūhaⓜ장엄(vy√ūh[> √ūh: change, move] + a[명사, 형용사와 어미])

 

sukhavatīamṛta vyūha sūtra극락불사장엄경(무량수경)> sukha(> su + kha) + vatīⓕ(> vat) + a(부정의 접두어[자음 앞에서]) + mṛta(> √mṛ[죽다] + ta)

amṛta: 甘露, 不死

jāramaraṇaⓝ老死> jāra(√jṝ: to grow old) + mar(guṇa化> √mṛ) + aṇa

 

sukhavatī vyūha극락장엄경(무량수경)

 

vimalakīrti-nirdeśa-sūtra> vi(분리, 부정, 유리) + malaⓝ(때, 먼지> √mlai[썩다, 시들다]) + kīrti(> √kīrt: to mention, to name) + nirdeśaⓜ지시(> nir + √diś[to point out, show])

 

laṅkāvatāra(laṅkā[스리랑카] + avatāra(> ava√tṝ: arrive at, descend into)-sūtra: 능가경

 

saṃdhi-nirmocana-sūtra> saṃdhi(연음, connection, union) + nirmocana(nir√muc[liberate] + ana): 해심밀경

 

mahāyāna-śraddhotpāda śāstra대승기신론> mahā + yāna(√yā[to go, travel]> √i[to go] + ana[작용]) + śraddhāⓕ믿음(> śrad√dhā[to have faith]> śradⓘ[credit] + √dhā[to fix the mind]) + utpāda(ud[upwards] + √pād[to go, fall]) + śāstra(√śās: to teach + tra[도구, 수단을 의미하는 명사화 어미])

 

hīnayāna> hīnaⓘ(lower, abandoned> √hā: remove, lay aside, be deficient) + yāna

 

abhidharma-kośa-bhāṣya아비달마구사론> kośaⓜ(그릇, 창고, a poetical collection> √kuś[감싸다]) + bhāṣyaⓝ(speaking, commentary)

abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra아비달마대비바사론> vibhāṣā(a class of prkṛt language> vi√bhāṣ> to speak variously)> vi + √bhāṣ(to speak)

 

śāstra: 논

bhāṣya: 주석

 

ṭīkā: 주석에 대한 주석> √ṭīk: 설명하다. 명확히 하다.

nyāya-bindu-ṭikā 정리일적론소

prajñāpradīpa-ṭikā 반야등론소

bodhicaryāvatara-ṭīkā 입보리행론소

 

vṛtti(굴림, 주석[특히 경전의 주석])> √vṛt: 구르다, 돌다

madhyamakālaṃkāra-vṛtti 중관장엄론주(śāntarakṣita)

yuktiṣaṣtikā-vṛtti 육십송여리론주(candrakīrti)

 

kārikāⓕ: 사상적 내용을 담은 시송> kāraka(만들기, 하기)의 ⓕ> kāra(작자)> √kṛ: 짓다. 행위하다.

karma: 업

mūla-madhyamaka-kārikā 근본중송

 

prakaraṇaⓝ(chapter, treatise)> pra√kṛ: to accomplish, determine, make the subject of discussion

vaidalya-prakaraṇa 광파론

 

pañjikā: 낱낱의 단어를 설명하는 영구적인 주석서> √pañj: 굳어지다

bodhisattvacaryāvatara-pañjika: 입보살행론

 

mūla-madhyamaka-kārikā근본중송> mūla(> √mūl: 뿌리박은, 굳건한)-madhyamaka(madhyaⓐ[middle] + ma + ka)-kārikā

 

śūnyatāsaptati공칠십론> śūnya + tā + saptati(70> sapta(7) + ti[cf: navati90, ṣaṣti60])

 

catuḥśataka사백관론> catur(4) + śata(100) + ka(형용사화 어미)

 

prajñāpradīpa> prajñā + pradīpa(pra + dīpa[등> √dīp: 빛나다])

 

dīpaⓜ

dvīpa섬ⓜⓝ> dvi + apⓕ물 - (물이 양쪽에서 흐르는 곳)

빠알리어는 모두 dīpa

 

prasannapadā> prasanna(> pra√sad: 밝아지다, 명백해지다> √sad: 앉다) + padāⓕ(> pada: 句, 발자국> √pad: 가다)

 

3. 승보(僧寶) 및 관련 용어

 

avalokiteśvara관자재보살> ava(down, down from, off, away) + lokita(> √lok[√ruc: 빛나다]: 보다 + ta) + īśvaraⓐ自在(～할 수 있는, ⓜlord, king, 남편> √īś: 소유하다, 주인이 되다)

 

avalokitaśrava관세음보살> avalokita + śrava(> √śru[듣다] + a)

 

mañjuśri묘길상보살(문수보살)> mañju(아름다운> √mañj: 닦다, 광내다) + śrī(광휘, 길상, 영광> √śri: 의지케 하다, 펼치다)

 

samantabhadra보현보살> samanta(모든 곳에 존재하는> sam + anta) + bhadraⓐblessed(> √bhand: 축복의, 행운의)

 

maitreya미륵보살> maitrīⓕ우정(guṇa化> maitraⓐ우의> mitraⓜ친구> √mith만나다, 결합하다) + ya(명사, 형용사화 어미)

 

ānanda> ā√nand(기뻐하다): 아난다, 아난존자

śāripūtra> śāri(새의 일종, 화살) + pūtra: 사리불

aṅgulimāla> aṅguli(finger, toe) + mālā(necklace): 앙굴리말라, 央崛魔羅

 

bhikṣuⓜ비구, 걸인> √bhikṣ: to wish to share, 구걸하다

bhikṣuṇīⓝ비구니> bhikṣu + ṇī(지도자, 안내자)

 

upāsakaⓜservant, follower> upa(ⓘtoward, near to, together with) + √ās(to sit) + a + ka

upāsikā> upa + √ās + ikā

 

upaniṣad우빠니샤드> upa + ni√ṣad(to sit down> ni[down, back] + √ṣad[fall])

āsaṇa좌법> √ās + aṇa: sitting in peculiar posture according to the custom of devotees

 

aśvaghoṣa마명> aśva(√aś: to reach) + ghoṣaⓜ(소리> √ghuṣ: to sound)

 

nāgārjuna용수> nāgaⓜ뱀 + arjuna(하양, 나무)

 

āryadeva아리야제바> āryaⓜ(> √ṛ: to go, rise) + deva(> div: 하늘, 낮)

 

buddhapālita불호> buddha + pālita(> √pāl: 보호하다)

 

bhāvaviveka淸辨> bhāvaⓜ(opinion> √bhū: become) + viveka(구별> vi√vic: 분리하다> √vic: 분리하다)

명쾌하게 간별하는 자(종합적 의역?)

 

candrakīrti月稱> candra(> √cand[빛나다> √ścand: 빛나다] + ra[비교급 등의 명사 형용사화 어미]) + kīrtikīrti(> √kīrt[to mention, to name] + I[명사, 형용사화 어미])

 

asaṅga無着> a + saṅga(접촉, 부착, 탐닉> √sañj: cling to, attached to)

 

prasaṅga귀류파> pra + saṅga> pra√sañj(attach to, to cause to place, be the consequence)

 

vasubandhu世親> vasu(good, beneficient, wealth, goods> √vas: to shine) + bandhuⓜ(relation, relative> √bandh[to bind] + u[행위자의 명사, 형용사를 만든다])

 

dharmapāla> dharma + pālaⓜ(guard> √pāl[to guard] + a)

 

dignāga> dik(> diśⓕ: ) + nāga

diṅnāga

 

dharmakīrti> dharma + kīrti

dharmottra> dharma + uttara

 

nyāya bindhu> nyāyaⓜ근원, bindhu

 

√nī: to go into, enter āyaⓜ접근, 도착> ā√i + a

 

4. 불교 교리 및 관련 용어

 

dvādaśāṅga pratītyasamutpāda

dvādaśāṅga > dvā(> dvi: 2, 10, 20, 30 앞에서는 dvā, 80앞에서는 dvi, 나머지는 자유) + daśa(10) + aṅgaⓝ(肢節)

pratītyasamutpāda>prati(반복, 도달) + √i(가다) + (t)ya(절대분사어미) + sam(함께) + ut(上) + √pād(가다) + a(명사화어미)

 

avidyā> a + √vid(알다) + yāⓕ(> ya: 형용사명사화 어미)

 

saṃskāra> sam(함께) + s(예외적 조음소) + kār(> √kṛ) + a

saṃskṛta: ① put together, 유위 ② refined

asaṃskṛta> a + saṃskṛta

 

vijñāna> vi + jñā + ana: 여섯 가지로 구분된 앎

nāmarūpa> nāma(nāmanⓝ의 복합어용) + rūpaⓝ(> √rūp: to form, exhibit by gesture): 명색

cf. nāmaⓘ: indeed

 

ṣaḍāyatana> ṣaḍ(복합어용> ṣaṣ: 6) + āyatana(seat. place, home> ā√yat[enter, abide, depend on] + ana)

sparśa> √spṛś: to touch, feel with the hand

vedanāⓕ> ved(guṇa化 > √vid: 알다) + ana

tṛṣṇāⓕ(desire)> √tṛṣ(thirst for) + ṇā(내연성> na, nā: 형용사, 명사화 어미)

upādāna> upa + ā√dā(to receive from, accept, to seize) + ana: the act of taking for one's self, clinging to existence, 取

bhava: coming into existence, state of being, life> √bhū

jāti: birth> √jan + ti

jarāmaraṇaⓝ老死> jāra(√jṝ: to grow old) + mar(guṇa化> √mṛ) + aṇa

 

pañca skandha

pañcaⓒ> pañcan: 5> √pac, √pañc: to spread out, make clear or evident.

skandhaⓜ: 나무줄기, 집합, 모임> √skandh: to collect> √skand: to cause to jump, coagulate.

 

rūpa: form, shape, figure> varpasⓝ: assumed form. < √rūp: to form, figure.

vedana: feelling, sensation> √vid(to know) + ana

saṃjñāⓕ: conception> sam + jñā

saṃskāra> sam + kār(>√kṛ) + a

vijñāna> vi + √jñā + ana: 여섯 가지로 구분된 앎

 

caturāryasatya> catur(4) + ārya(respectable> arya: master, lord> √ṛ: raise) + satya(> sat + ya)

 

duḥkha> duḥ + kha

samudaya> sam + ut + ai(ⓥ> √i) + a(명사화)

nirodhaⓜ: destruction> ni + rodha> nirudh(hinder, destroy)> ni(down, back) + √rudh(to stop up, prevent)

mārgaⓜ> √mṛg(to hunt, strive after) + a

 

mṛgaⓜ: 사슴

mṛgatṛṣṇaⓕ: 愛鹿, 아지랑이

 

dvādaśa āyatana

dvādaśa> dva(2: 10, 20, 30 앞에서> dvi) + daśa

āyatana: resting place> ā√yat(to arrive, enter, adhere, rest on> √yat: 만나다) + ana

 

saṃsāra> saṃ√sṛ: to follow together with, undergo migration> √sṛ: to run, flow

maṇḍalaⓐ: 원, 동그라미, 구체, 만달라

upāyakauśalya> upāya + kauśalya(> kuśala): 선교방편

pratimokṣa: 바라제목차, 戒目

 

dāna> √dā: to give

śila: habit, custom> √śīl: to do, practise repeatedly or exceedingly.

kṣānti: patient waiting for something> √kṣam: to be patient, suppress anger

vīrya(씩씩함, 활력> √vīr(정복하다) + ya[명사, 형용사화 어미])

dhyāna: meditation, reflection> √dhyai: to think of,

prajñā> praⓘ[before, forth, away] + jñāⓕ

 

tathāgata garbha여래장

garbhaⓜ자궁, inside> √garbh: 임신하다

dhāraṇī진언> dhāraṇā: the act of holding, concentration of the mind> dharaⓐholding> √dhṛ((hold, maintain)

 

śūnyaⓐempty, void> śūna: swollen> √śū> √śvi: to swell, grow.

svabhāva> sva + bhāva(> √bhū + a)

 

satya dvaya

dvayaⓐ: twofold, double> dvi

paramārtha satya

paramārtha> paramaⓐ(chief, highest, primary> para> √pṛ: 능가하다) + artha(> √arth[desire, wish])

saṃvṛti satya

saṃvṛti> sam + √vṛ(cover) + ti(명사화 어미)

vyavahāra satya

vyavahāraⓜ: common practice, doing> vyava√hṛ: to work, to carry on legal proceedings> vy + ava(off, away, down) + √hṛ(to carry, offer, seize)

 

tri doṣa: 三毒

rāgaⓜ貪, 물들이는 행위, love> √rañj: 물들이다.

dveṣaⓜ瞋, 증오> √dviṣ: 미워하다.

mohaⓜ癡, 당황, 기절> √muh: 당황하다, 기절하다, 어리석어지다.

 

śamathaⓜ> śamaⓜ(tranquillity, calmness> √śam: rest, stop, finish) + tha(부사, 서수를 만드는 접미사)

vipaśyanāⓕ, ～aⓜ(right knowledge)> vi√paś(‘i’가 내재하는 것으로 본다) + ana(or anā)

samādhiⓜ定, 삼매, putting together, concentration of the thought> sam-ā-√dhā: fix together> sam(함께) + ā(가까이) + √dhā(to put, place, set)

 

maitrī-karuṇā-muditā-upekṣā: 慈悲喜捨

maitrī(mitra> √mith[meet, unite]: 친구): 慈

cf) mettāⓟ

karuṇā: 悲, miserable

muditā> muditaⓐ＞ √mud(to be glad, happy): 喜, delighted

upekṣā> upa(upon, up, above, near) + √īkṣ(to look, view): overlooking, disregard, indifference, abandonment: 捨

 

ānāpāna> āna(들숨) + apa(ⓘ away, off, back) + āna: 들숨과 날숨

cf) ⓟ ānāpāna-sati

smṛti> √smṛ + ti: 念, 기억, 생각, 숙고 / 기억에 의해 전승된 문헌으로 각종 경(經: Sūtra)이 이에 해당한다.

cf) ⓟ sati:

cf) śruti: 천계서, 계시를 통해 작성된 문헌, 즉 베다(Veda> √vid + a)를 가리킨다.

 

avinivartanīya> avinivartana + ya> a + vi-ni-√vṛt(to turn back): 不退轉

ācārya, ācāriya> ācāra(conduct> ā√car[to come near]) + ya: knowing the rules, a spiritual teacher, 阿闍梨

 

asura: 阿修羅

naraka: 지옥

devaⓜ,ⓝ> √div: 천신, Zeus와 같은 어원 / 주격, 호격: dyaus

pretaⓐ> pra√i(depart [this life]) + ta 아귀，죽은 이의 영혼

tiryagyoniⓕ, tiryagyonaⓜ> tiryak[> tiryañc] + yoni(womb): 傍生, 畜生

cf) tiryañc(ⓐ going or lying transversely)> tiras(ⓘ across, transversely) + √añc(to move, go)

manuṣyaⓐ＞ √man(to think): 인간

 

amala vijñāna: 阿摩羅識, 阿末羅識, 無垢識, 白淨識

asaṃkhya: 阿僧祇

 

問曰。幾時名阿僧祇。

答曰。天人中能知算數者。極數不復能知。是名一阿僧祇。如一一名二。二二名四。三三名九。十十名百。十百名千。十千名萬。千萬名億。千萬億名那由他。千萬那由他名頻婆。千萬頻婆名迦他。過迦他名阿僧祇。(대정장25, p.87a)

10×1,000=10,000(1만)

1,000×10,000=10,000,000(1억)

10,000,000×10,000,000=1014(1나유타)

10,000,000×1014=1021(1빈파)

107×1021=1028(1가타)

가타보다 많은 것이 아승기이다.

araṇya＞ araṇa(foreign, distant> √ṛ: to go, wander): 阿蘭若, 숲속

cf) araññaⓟ

tṛṣṇāⓕ> √tṛṣ(thirst) + na: 愛慾

cf) taṇhāⓟ

kāmaⓜ> √kam(to love, to have sexual intercourse): wish, desire

pāpaⓐ: 사악한

cf) pāpīman, pāpīyas: 波旬, 욕계 제6천(타화자재천)의 主神, 天魔.

akuśalaⓐ: 不善

kuśalaⓐ: 善

pāruṣya> paruṣa: 惡口

durgati: 惡趣, 惡道

icchantika: 일천제

sattva-loka: 유정세간

satkāya-dṛṣṭi: 유신견

cf) sakkāya-diṭṭhi

antavat: 有邊

āsrava＞ ā√sru(to flow from): 有漏

cf) āsavaⓟ

ullambana / avalambana> ud√lamb / ava√lamb(to hang up) + ana: 盂蘭盆, 거꾸로 매달림

pariṇāmanā> pari√ṇam(to turn aside> √nam(휘다, 절하다) + anā: transformation, changing into, 廻向

aśoka(> a + √śuc[lament, be sorrowful])ⓐ: not causing sorrow, 아쇼카 왕, 아쇼카 나무.

kleśa(> √kliś: to cause pain)ⓜ: 번뇌, pain, affliction.

varṣa, varṣika(> √vṛṣ: to rain): raining, 安居

pratyutpannasamadhi(> prati + ut+ panna(>√pad na)+ samādhi): 반주삼매槃舟三昧, 제불현전삼매諸佛現前三昧

puṇyaⓐ: 공덕

śramaṇa(> √śram: to make effort, to be tired) 사문沙門

mokṣa(>√muc: 풀어버리다, 해방하다, 벗어나다) 해탈

sahā(sahaⓐ: 강력한, 극복의, 참는)-loka-dhātu: 사바세계娑婆世界

 

parikalpita svabhāva(> pari + kalp(> √kḷp) + ita + sva + bhau[> √bhū] + a: 변계소집성遍計所執性

paratantra(para + √tan[spin, reach] + tra[도구, 수단을 나타내는 명사화 어미] svabhāva: 의타기성依他起性

pariniṣpanna(pari + niṣ + √pad + na) svābhava: 원성실성圓成實性

 

upoṣadha, poṣadhaⓜ(uposatha, posathaⓟ): 포살, 재(齋): 출가자의 경우 매달 15일과 29일(30일), 즉 보름마다 행하는 죄의 고백과 참회 의식. 재가자의 경우는 육재일(六齋日: 8, 14, 15, 23, 29, 30)에 8계를 지키는 의식.

pauṣaⓐ: puṣa별자리와 관계된.

puṣyaⓝ：달과 관련된 6번째(또는 8번째) 별자리 sidhya tiṣya. 달이 puṣya별자리와 만나는 것. 달의 궤도에 있는 28수宿(nakṣatraⓝ： 별자리 >√nakṣ: 접근하다) 가운데 하나.

pravāraṇāⓕ(pavaraṇāⓟ): 自恣(막음, 보호)> pra√vṛ: ward off(막다), keep away(가까이 못하게 하다): 안거 마지막 날 견, 문, 의 세 가지에 의거하여 그 동안 지은 죄를 고백하고 참회하는 행사

cf) saṃvṛti> sam + √vṛ(cover) + ti(명사화 어미)

 

arhat> √arh at(현재분사): 아라한

anāgamin> an ā √gam in: 아나함, 불환

sakṛdāgamin> sakṛt ā √gam in: 사다함, 일래

śrota āpanna(śrota āpatti)> śrote āpanna(śrote ā pat ti)>śrota ā pan na(śrota ā √pad ti): 수다원, 예류

 

kṣaṇa： 찰나

kalpaⓐ(> √kḷp: to be well ordered, to arrange): 겁劫

vikalpa(>vi√kḷp: to change, to suppose): 분별

pramāṇa: pra + √mā + ana: 인식방법, 量

pratyakṣa: 現量, 직접지각

anumāna: 比量, 추리지

upamāna: 比較量, 譬喩量

śabda: 聖言量, 證言

 

5. 학파 및 관련 용어

 

sthaviravāda(ⓟtheravāda)> sthaviraⓜ: an old man, solid, venerable> sthau + i + ra(비교 등의 형용사, 명사화 접미사)> √sthū: to be thick or solid

vāda> √vad(to speak) + a

mahāsāṃghika> mahā + saṃghika(> saṃgha[assemblage> saṃ√han(to beat): 모으다] + i + ka[형용사, 축소 어미])

sarvāstivāda> sarva + asti + vāda

vatsiputrya犢子部> vātsīputrya> vatsa(송아지) + putra(子아, 들) + ya(형용사, 명사)

sautrāntika經部, 經量部> sūtra(경) + anta(궁극, 최고, 끝) + ika(형용사화, 축소)

vaibhāṣika> vibhāṣā(vi√bhāṣ: to speak variously) + ika

mādhyamika> madhyama(madhyaⓐ[middle] + ma) + ika

yogācāra> yoga + ācāra(행위, 관습> ā√car: 실행하다)

yogācārya: 유가행파의 스승

vijñānavāda> vijñāna + vāda

vijñāptimātra> vijñā + p(aya) + ti + mātra(해당함, 뿐> √mā + tra)

 

6. 기타 인도종교 관련 용어

 

śakro devānaṃ indraḥ(> śakra deva indra): 신들의 주인이신 인드라. 釋帝桓因, 제석, 제석천, 환인

bhārata: the Land of bharata(Agni神의 이름). India

mahābhārata: 마하바라타

purāṇa(> √pur: to precede)ⓐ: belonging to old times, 옛날이야기, 뿌라나

 

sāṃkhya(>sam + √khyā: to reckon, enumerate)ⓐ: relating to number. 상캬학파, 數論, 僧佉.

cf) asaṃkhya: 阿僧祇, 無數, 無量

yoga(> √yuj: to yoke, join, harness): 결합, 요가학파

mīmāṃsā(> √man[to think]의 의욕활용어간에서 파생: 어근 + 어근 + sa): profound thought, theory, 미망사학파

vedānta(> veda[> √vid] + anta): 베단따

nyāya(> √nī[to go into] + āya[ā√i, arrival]): general rule, axiom, 니야야학파, 正理

vaiśeṣika> viśeṣa[> vi√śiṣ: to distinguish> √śiṣ: to remain] + ika: 와이셰시까 학파, 勝論, 衛世師

cf) viśiṣtādvaita> viśiṣta + advaita: 한정불이론 - 인간의 영혼은 절대신의 속성이라는 Rāmānuja의 힌두신학

[출처] 산스크리트 단어 모음|작성자 MUJ