데바나가리(देवनागरी,Devanagari)
Devanagari
| Devanagari देवनागरी | |
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 Devanagari script (vowels top, consonants bottom) inChandas font. | |
| Type | |
| Languages | Several languages of India and Nepal, including, Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Pali,Konkani, Bodo, Maithili, Sindhi andSanskrit. Formerly used to write Punjabiand Gujarati. |
Time period | Early signs: 1st century CE,[1] modern form: 10th century CE[2][3] |
Parent systems | |
Child systems | Gujarati Moḍī |
Sister systems | Gurmukhi, Nandinagari |
| Direction | Left-to-right |
| ISO 15924 | Deva, 315 |
Unicode alias | Devanagari |
| U+0900–U+097F Devanagari, U+A8E0–U+A8FFDevanagari Extended, U+1CD0–U+1CFF Vedic Extensions | |
| Devanāgarī | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transliteration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vowels and syllabic consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Diacritics, punctuation and other symbols | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Numerals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Brahmic scripts |
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| The Brahmic script and its descendants |
Devanagari (/ˌdeɪvəˈnɑːɡəriː/ day-və-nah-gər-ee; Hindustani: [d̪eːʋˈnaːɡri]; देवनागरी devanāgarī a compound of "deva" [देव] and "nāgarī" [नागरी]), also called Nagari (Nāgarī,नागरी),[4] is an abugida (alphasyllabary) alphabet of India and Nepal. It is written from left to right, has a strong preference for symmetrical rounded shapes within squared outlines, and is recognisable by a horizontal line that runs along the top of full letters.[5] In a cursory look, the Devanagari script appears different from other Indic scriptssuch as Bangla, Oriya or Gurmukhi, but a closer examination reveals they are very similar except for angles and structural emphasis.[5]
The Nagari script has roots in the ancient Brahmi script family.[6] Some of the earliest epigraphical evidence attesting to the developing Sanskrit Nagari script in ancient India, in a form similar to Devanagari, is from the 1st to 4th century CE inscriptions discovered in Gujarat.[1] The Nagari script was in regular use by the 7th century CE and it was fully developed by about the end of first millennium.[4][7] The use of Sanskrit in Nagari script in medieval India is attested by numerous pillar and cave temple inscriptions, including the 11th-century Udayagiri inscriptions in Madhya Pradesh,[8] a brick with inscriptions found in Uttar Pradesh, dated to be from 1217 CE, which is now held at the British Museum.[9] The script's proto- and related versions have been discovered in ancient relics outside of India, such as in Sri Lanka, Myanmar andIndonesia; while in East Asia, Siddha Matrika script considered as the closest precursor to Nagari was in use by Buddhists.[10][11] Nagari has been the primus inter pares of the Indic scripts.[10]
The Devanagari script is used for over 120 languages,[12] including Hindi,[13] Marathi, Nepali, Pali, Konkani, Bodo, Sindhi and Maithili among other languages and dialects, making it one of the most used and adopted writing systems in the world.[14] The Devanagari script is also used for classical Sanskrit texts.[12] The Devanagari script is closely related to the Nandinagari script commonly found in numerous ancient manuscripts of South India,[15][16] and it is distantly related to a number of southeast Asian scripts.[12]
Devanagari script has forty-seven primary characters, of which fourteen are vowels and thirty-three are consonants.[10] The ancient Nagari script for Sanskrit had two additional consonantal characters.[10] The script has no capital or small letters as in Latin, and weighs all characters as equal.[17] Generally the orthography of the script reflects the pronunciation of the language.[12]